Renal Stones
Crystalline deposits — calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite or cystine — that form in the kidney or ureter. Small stones may pass on their own; larger ones obstruct, infect and damage renal function.
Symptoms
Sudden, severe loin pain radiating down to the groin (renal colic), blood in the urine, nausea and vomiting, and — if infection sets in — fever with rigors.
Recent advances in management
Holmium-YAG laser lithotripsy delivered through a flexible ureteroscope (RIRS) fragments stones into dust with no external incision and no need for a stent in many cases. Mini-PCNL and extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy remain valuable for larger stone burdens.
Operative & case images
Case images will appear here as they are added
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